MENTALNI POREMEĆAJI KAO UZROK INVALIDNOSTI MEĐU UPOSLENICIMA TVORNICE OBUĆE "AIDA"
Nurkić B, Pranjić N.
Dom zdravlja Tuzla, Služba Medicine rada, Tuzla, Bosna i Hercegovina

Uposlenici tvornice obuće svakodnevno udišu organske isparljive materije u radnom ambijentu koji su poznati neurotoksini, ali isto tako iritansi i alergeni. Nije neuobičajeno da se u uposlenika uoče znaci koji su svojstveni za psihoaktivne supstance.

CILJ: Cilj je istražiti zastupljenost mentalnih poremećaja kao uzroka invalidnosti u uposlenika tvornice obuće Aida u Tuzli od 2000.-2002.godine.

ISPITANICI I MEDODE: Uzorak je činilo 150 uposlenika, invalida rada, 147 žena i 3 muškog spola, srednje dobi od 38,75±7,61 godina, s ukupnim penzionim stažom 19,3±6,01 godina. Ispitanicima su evaluirani rezultati ocjene invalidnosti invalidskog vijeća PIO prema vodećim oboljenjima. Među njima je na početku istraživanja 99 (66%) već imalo smanjenu radnu sposobnost. Važno je bilo utvrditi zastupljenost mentalnih poremećaja, diferencirati ih i procijeniti komorbiditet mentalnih poremećaja sa pojavom kortikalne atrofije i kognitivne disfunkcije. Pojava cerebralne atrofije verificirana je kompjuterizovanom tomografijom.

REZULTATI: Od ukupno 909 uposlenika invalida je 136 (14,6%). Ocjenu gubitak radne sposobnosti dobilo je 77 od 150 ispitanika, smanjenu radnu sposobnost 59 od 150, a 14 sposoban za posao. Vodeći uzrok gubitka radne sposobnosti bili su mentalni poremećaji u 5O od 77 ( 65%) uposlenika, a na drugom mjestu astma bronhale i COPD u 26 (34%) uposlenika i karcinom u 1 uposlenice. Struktura mentalnih poremećaja bila je slijedeća: 29 depresivni poremećaj, 13 anksiozni poremećaj, 5 PTSP i 2 organski afektivni poremećaj. Mentalni poremećaje sa pojavom kortikalne atrofije i kognitivne disfunkcije bili su izraženi u 22 od 50 invalida. Među uzrocima za smanjenu radnu sposobnost mentalni poremećaji bili su zastupljeni u 22 od 73 invalida (28%).

ZAKLJUČAK: Mentalni poremećaji su vodeći uzrok invalidnosti i oboljevanja uposlenika tvornice obuće "Aida", ali nije beznačajna zastupljenost astme i COPD-a. Visok stupanj invalidnosti, veoma loša zaštita na radu, ne provođenje monitoringa hemijskih materija radnog ambijenta, kao ni preventivni periodični pregledi, u tvornici obuće "Aida", a trpi zdravlje, porodice uposlenika, kao i sveukupni budžet društva u cjelini.

MENTAL DISORDERS AS THE CAUSES FOR THE INVALITY AMONG THE SHOE FACTORY "AIDA" WORKERS
Nurkić B, Pranjić N.
Health Centre Tuzla, Service of Occupational medicine, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina

The employers are breathing vapour of organic chemical solvent at the shoe factory, everyday, in work-environment, which are known neural-toxins and irritant and allergen. It is not rare to see shoe employers with signs of peculiarity of psychoactive substances.

AIM: The aim of this study is to examine presentation of mental disorders as causes of invalidity at "Aida" shoe employers in Tuzla between 2000-2002.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The sample performed 150 employers, invalids of work, 147 women and 3 men, aged 38,75±7,61 years, with occupation history 19,3±6,01 years. They evaluated results of assessment of the working invalidity level of pension and invalidity insurance in relation to leading diseases. On the beginning of the study 99 (66%) of them employers had lessening work ability level. It was important to define the participation of mental disorders as causes of invalidity, to sign type of disorders, and to assess co-morbidity of cortical cerebral atrophy and cognitive disability. The cortical cerebral atrophy verified by computerised tomography method.

RESULTS: Among all 909 employers, are the invalids 136 (14,6%). The working capability loss gained 77 of out 150 examiners, 59 lessening work ability level and 14 work-ability. The leading causes for working capability loss were mental disorders in 5O of out 77 (65%) employers, and on second place was asthma and COPD in 26 (34%) employers and 1 employers carcinoma. The participation among mental disorders were 29 depressive disorders, 13 anxious disorders, 5 PTSP and 2 organic affective disorders. Mental disorders with cortical atrophy and cognitive disability was expressed in 22 of out 50 invalids. Between causes for lessening work ability level mental disorders participated in 22 of out 73 invalids (28%).

CONCLUSION: Mental disorders as causes for invalidity and morbidity of employers at shoe factory "Aida" has leading place, but it is significant participation of asthma and COPD too. There are the high level of invalidity, worse work-protection and no conducted biological monitoring of chemical in work-environment and preventive periodic examining at shoe factory "Aida". In this condition suffers the health, the family of employers and all society.