MENTALNI POREMAĆAJI KAO UZROK INVALIDNOSTI OD 1996. DO 2002. GODINE
Kantor I, Memija-Pozderac M, Marjanović S.
Federalni Zavod MIO - PIO, Sektor za ocjenu radne sposobnosti - Sarajevo , Bosna i Hercegovina

CILJ: Komparativnom studijom utvrditi učešće duševnih poremećaja kao uzroka invalidnosti, u prvi puta ocijenjene invalidnosti, u periodu 1996. godine do 2002 godine.

MATERIJAL I METODE: Od ukupno 2113 nalaza, ocjena i mišljenja kandidata za ocjenu radne sposobnosti na Institutu za ocjenu radne sposobnosti u Sarajevu u toku 1996. godine i 1963 u toku 2002 godine, izdvojili smo nalaze u kojima su mentalni poremaćaji bili uzrok invalidnosti.

REZULTATI: U 1996. godini u 317 osiguranika (15 %) utvrđena je invalidnost zbog duševnoh poremećaja, a u 2002. godini u 422 osiguranika (21,5 %). Samo zbog duševnih poremećaja u toku 1996. godine invalidnost je utvrđena u 4 %, a zbog duševnih poremećaja u komorbiditetu sa somatskim oboljenjima u 11,1 %. U toku 2002. godine zabilježen je porast invalidnosti uzrokovan kako samo zbog duševnih poremećaja (6,3%), tako i duševnih poremećaja u komorbiditetu sa somatskim oboljenjima 15, 1%. U toku 1996. godine dominantan uzrok invalidnosti su neurotski, vezani uz stres i somatiformni poremećaji F 40 - 48 (34%), a u toku 2002. godine bili su zastupljeni afektivni poremećaji F 30 - 38 (27,4 %). Afektivni poremećaj kao uzrok invalidnosti 1996. godine bio je zastupljeniji u muškaraca, a u toku 2002. godine afektivni poremećaj dvostruko je prisutniji u žena. U toku 1996. godine invalidnost je utvrđena u 216 muškaraca (68,13%) i 101 žene (31,87 %). Odnos muškaraca - žena u 2002. godini je bio: invalidnost u muškaraca je utvrđena u 275 slučajeva (65,16%) i u 147 žena (34,83%). Najveći broj invalidnosti je utvrđen u dobnoj skupini preko 50 godina (43,5%) u 1996. godini, a odmah zatim u dobnoj skupini od 40 - 49 godina (39,4%). Odnos dobnih skupina je nepomijenjen i u 2002 godini: invalidnost u dobi preko 50 godina utvrđena je u 54,3%, a u dobi od 40 - 49 godina u 38,4%.

ZAKLJUČAK: Gotovo jednak odnos polne i dobne zastupljenosti mentalnih poremećaja u ove dvije godine ispitivanja (P>0.05). Primjetan je porast invalidnosti zbog duševnih poremećaja u 2002. godini u odnosu na 1996. godinu. Utvrđeno je da su 7 godina nakon rata afektivni poremećaji vodeći uzrok invalidnosti, za razliku od prve godine poslije rata kada su vodeći uzroci bili neurotski, vezani uz stres, i somatiformni poremećaji.

MENTAL DISORDERS AS A CAUSE OF INVALIDITY 1996 AND 2002
Kantor I, Memija-Pozderac M, Marjanović S.
Institute for evaluation working capability, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

AIM: The purpose of this comparative study, is to analyse what extent of mental disorders cause invalidity among patients with first time determined invalidity during 1996 and 2002.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have used 2113 findings of opinion of the Institute for the assessment of working ability in Sarajevo in 1996 and 1963 findings of opinion of the Institute for the assessment of working ability in Sarajevo in 2002 and selected due to mental disorders.

RESULTS: In this analyse were identified 317 insured people with mental disorders (15%) in 1996, and 422 ones (21,5%) in 2002. Mental disorders only was the cause of invalidity with 4% during 1996, but whereas mental disorders in co-morbidity with somatic diseases account for 11,1% of the total number of the insured people. During 2002 the increase trend in invalidity cause by mental diseases (6,3%) and mental disorders in co-morbidity with somatic diseases for 15,1%. During 1996 a dominant cause of invalidity were neurotic, stress - related and somatoform disorders F 40 - 48 (34%), whereas in 2002 the cause of invalidity were affective disorders F 30 - 38 (27,4%). In 1996 the affective disorder as a cause of invalidity was more present with men, whereas during 2002 it was twice as much present with women. During 1996 the invalidity was identified with 216 men (68,13%) and 101 women (31,87%). When making comparison between invalidity with men and woman, we can state that it was identified in 275 cases (65,16%) with men and in 147 ones (34,83%) with women. In 1996 the largest number of the invalidity cases was identified in the age group over 50 (43,5%), followed by the age group 40 - 49 (39,4%). Ration of age groups was not changed in 2002, invalidity in the age group over 50 was 54,3% and in the age group of 40 - 49 it was 38,4%.

CONCLUSION: These data show that ratio of sex involvement to the age one is nearly equal in these two years of research (P>0.05). This comparative analysis shows that there is considerable increase in invalidity due to mental disorders in 2002 in comparison with 1996. It also suggested that 7 years after the war, affective disorders are the main cause of invalidity, whereas in the first year after the war neurotic, stress related and somatoform disorders were dominant.