O TABLETOMANIJA - OPASNOST ZA TUZLANSKI KANTON
Žigić Z. 1,2, Pašagić I. 3, Pranjić N. 1, Alečković M. 3.
1 Medicinski fakultet Univerziteta u Tuzli, Tuzla, Bosna i Hercegovina
2 Ministarstvo obrazovanja, nauke, kulture i sporta Tuzlanskog kantona, Bosna i Hercegovina
3 Univerzitetski Klinički Centar Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosna i Hercegovina

Uzimaju li se nekontrolisano, lijekovi ugrožavaju zdravlje a nerijetko i život. Posljedice po zdravlje zavise od vrste i količine lijeka, dužine uzimanja i psihofizičkih osobina osobe koja ih uzima. CILJ: Ukazati na zloupotrebe raznih lijekova u Tuzlanskom kantonu, koji postaje sve više problem svih generacija.

ISPITANICI I METODE: Provedena je anketa 300 ispitanika-adolescenata, i njihovih nastavnika, koja je sadržavala upitnik o upotrebi tableta, navici uzimanja lijekova, kao i stavove o uzimanju tableta.

REZULTATI: Po preporuci ljekara budući bolesnici-tabletomani počinju da uzimaju analgetike, sedative, hipnotike i druge psihoaktivne lijekove, a zatim mnogi samoincijativno nastave sa uzimanjem povećavajući dozu, produžavajući period uzimanja i postaju ovisnici. Neki pokazatelji ukazuju da čak 10% liječenih u bolnici, boluju od bolesti uzrokovanih lijekovima. U našoj zemlji je u prometu oko dvije hiljade različitih lijekova, a farmaceutske kuće nude svakog dana obilje novih sa često vrlo agresivnom propagandom. Nepoznat je broj onih koji koriste i zloupotrebljavaju lijekove. Prema nekim proračunima u BiH svaki peti stanovnik osjeća potrebu za pomenutim tabletama i sklonost ka stalnim navikama za uzimanjem sredstava za umirenje, spavanje i protiv bolova. Činjenice koje upozoravaju je da tim putem sve češće kreću i mladi. Predratne i godine rata u našoj zemlji karakteriše zloupotreba antiparkisonika u populaciji osnovnih i srednjih škola. Prvi ovisnici registrovani su 1970. godine i do 1992. godine činili su preko 90% svih ovisnika. Rezultati ankete ukazuju da 26,33% anketiranih iz grupe srednje adolescencije koristi lijekove bez liječničkog savjeta, dok je taj broj kod starijih i mlađih adolescenata manji ali nije zanemarljiv. Uzimanje tableta bez liječničkog savjeta 76,6% nastavnika smatra bezopasnim, što potvrđuje da je stav prema veoma prisutnoj upotrebi tableta vrlo liberalan, i da je svijest o njihovoj štetnosti nedovoljna.

ZAKLJUČAK: Tabletomanija je socijalno-medicinski problema među mladima koji se zanemaruje. Edukacija i informisanost o štetnosti i opasnosti od zloupotrebe tableta je još uvijek veoma nekvalitetna, i neizostavno iziskuje edukaciju praktično cijele populacije. Mišljenja smo, da prevenciju tabletomanije treba organizovati u okviru jedinstvenog programa primarne prevencije bolesti ovisnosti, a ovisnike liječiti.

TABLETOMANIA- A DANGER FOR TUZLA CANTON
Zigic Z 1,2, Pasagic I 3, Pranjic N 1, Aleckovic M 3.
1 Medical faculty University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2 Ministry for Education, Science, Culture and Sport Tuzla Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina
3 University Clinical Center of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Uncontrolled usage of drugs would jeopardize health and not -rarely life too. Effects on health depend on type and quantity of a drug, duration of usage and psychophysical characteristics of individual. AIM: To point on abuse of different kinds of drugs in Tuzla canton, which is becoming a problem of all generations.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We conducted questionnaire of 300 subjects-adolescents and their teachers about drug abuse, and type of attitude about drug abuse.

RESULTS AND REPORT: In the beginning, patients start using a drug that doctor proscribed (pain killer, sedative, hypnotic drug) following his instructions, but some of them continue to use certain drug after suggested period of time, they increase the dosage, and, in the end, become a drug addict. There are some indications that 10% percent of all patients treated in the hospitals are suffering from diseases caused by drugs. Currently, in our country, there are around two thousand drugs in circulation, and pharmaceutical companies offer new drugs almost every day, which is often followed by very aggressive propaganda. The number of those who use and abuse drug is unknown. According to some accounts, every fifth citizen in Bosnia and Herzegovina has an urge for aforementioned drugs, and inclination for continuous usage of those. Alerting fact is that the young people are following this path too. Prewar and war period was characterized by misuse of Parkinson-drugs by students of primary and secondary schools. First addicts were registered back in 1970, and by the year of 1992 they presented 90% of all addicts. The result of a survey that was conducted among 300 students of primary and secondary schools in Tuzla, showed that 26,33% of middle adolescents were using drugs without doctor˘s prescription, and that this percentage among those in early and late adolescence was lower, but not irrelevant. Usage of drugs without doctor's prescription is something that 76,6% of teachers considered as not dangerous, which proves that attitude towards drugs is very liberal and that awareness of their harm is insufficient.

CONCLUSION: Drug addicts are a social-medical problem of adolescents that is being neglected. As we could see, education about drugs, their danger and harm, is required in all generations. Education and access to information on danger and harm of the drugs is not satisfactory. In our opinion, prevention of drug addicts should be organized as a part of unitary program of primary prevention of addiction, and that drug addict should be treated. Drug abuse is becoming one of the leading problems concerning addiction among adolescents.