DIOKSINI I NJIHOV UTJECAJ NA ZDRAVLJE LJUDI
Mazalović M 1, Tinjić Lj 2, Begić L 1, Mazalović E 2.
1 Medicinski fakultet Univerziteta u Tuzli;
2 Interna klinika UKC Tuzla

CILJ: Cilj rada je ukazati na potrebu uključivanja BiH u globalna rješenja problema vezanih za dioksine. Dioksini su visoko perzistentne toksične hemikalije čovjekovog okoliša, koje se u prirodnim procesima gotovo i ne razgrađuju. To su spojevi iz grupe polihalogeniranih dibenzodioksina i dibenzo furana, koji se ne pojavljuju u prirodi nego ih je proizveo čovjek u industrijskim procesima prerade i proizvodnje organskih suspstancija. Nastaju kao sporedni produkti pri sagorjevanju gotovo svih organskih supstancija u prisustvu hlora ili njegovih organskih ili neorganskih spojeva.

PRIKAZ: U radu su navedene hemijske strukture dioksina / furana, hemijska razgradnja dioksina, kako u ljudskom organizmu tako i u ekološkim sredinama: zraku, u vodi, u tlu, u sedimentu. Izraženo preko ekvivalenta toksičnosti dioksina (TEQ), navedeno je i koliko iznosi prosječno dnevno opterećenje čovjeka putem hrane, vode za piće i udisanjem. Navedeni su štetni učinci dioksina na zdravlje ljudi, od hlorakni do karcinogenih oboljenja. U radu je naglašeno da su sve više izraženi zdravstveni problemi ljudi koji žive "zajedno"sa dioksinima / furanima prisutnim u njihovom okolišu. Dat je i prikaz kako djeluju mjere koje je preduzela međunarodna zajednica (UNEP-The United Nations Environment Programe, EPA - Environment Protection Agency, Pokret zelenih i dr.) u posljednjih 10 - 15 godina. Smanjena je emisija dioksina u okoliš, a time i njihov sadržaj u biološkim matricama (krv, masno tkivo, majčino mlijeko).

ZAKLJUČAK: Samo globalna rješenja, u koja se mora uključiti i BiH, mogu dovesti do uklanjanja dioksina iz svih sredina čovjekovog okoliša i tako smanjiti njihovo štetno djelovanje i zdravstveni rizici. Prvi korak koji bi se u BiH morao preduzeti, jeste kontrola sadržaja dioksina u hrani, naročito u mlijeku i mliječnim proizvodima, mesu i mesnim proizvodima.

DIOXINS AND THEIR INFLUENCE TO HUMAN HEALTH
Mazalović M 1, Tinjić Lj 2, Begić L 1, Mazalović E 2.
1 Medical faculty University of Tuzla,Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
2 University Clinical Centre of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina

AIM: The aim of this work is to emphasize the necessity of joining Bosnia and Herzegovina to global solutions of problems connected to dioxins. Dioxins are highly persistent chemicals, very toxic to environment, and chemicals that remain almost intact during natural processes. Those are the compounds falls into the group of polyhalogenized dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans. Dioxins are chemical compounds produced by man, during different industrial procedures of production and processing of organic matters; they are not natural products. They are originated as secondary products of virtually of all organic substances combustion in presence of either chlorine or its organic or inorganic compounds.

REPORT: Chemical structures of dioxin/furan are described in this work, as well as chemical dissolution: whether in human body or in environment - atmosphere, water, soil, sediment. Measured in toxic equivalent of dioxin (TEQ), the human's daily average intoxication by means of food, potable water and dioxin breath, is given in this work. Harmful effects of dioxin to human health are also described, beginning with chlorine acne and ending with carcinoma. Emphasized are health problems of humans that live "together" with dioxins/furans present in their environment. The effects of the measurements undertaken in last 10-15 years by international community (UNEP - The United Nations Environment Program, EPA - Environment Protection Agency, Green Movement, and others) are also reviewed. The emission of dioxins into environment has been reduced; thereby level of dioxin in some biological systems (blood, adipose tissue, and human's milk) has also been reduced.

CONCLUSION: Global approach only can lead to removal of dioxins from all parts of environment and reduce their harmful influence to human health. Bosnia and Herzegovina must be a part of such global endeavor. The first step that must be taken in Bosnia and Herzegovina is testing of food (especially milk and its products, and meet and its products) for content of dioxins.